Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

The Tragic Hero in Antigone Antigone is a Greek tragic piece that stresses the use of power and morality versus the law written by Sophocles. Both Antigone and Creon, the main characters in the play, could represent the tragic hero. A tragic hero is a character who is known for being dignified and has a flaw that assists to his or her downfall. In my opinion, Creon best qualifies for being the tragic hero and fitting the definition read in the previous sentence. The things he said, did, and the comments that were made by those around him show how a man with everything could lose it all due to his own behavior. To open, the things he said showed how he changed and became the tragic hero of the play. Many of his statements reveal his personality including his admirable parts and his flaws. When Creon says: "I call to God to witness that if I saw my country headed for ruin, I should not be afraid to speak out plainly," (Sophocles, scene 1,24-26), it shows his strong sense of nationalism and leadership which catches up with him in the end. "The inflexible heart breaks first, the toughest iron cracks first, and the wildest horses bend their necks at the pull of the smallest curb" (scene 2,76-79) is what Creon says to Antigone after finding out she is the one who buried Polynieces. He thinks that if Antigone wasn't so headstrong and arrogant then she could have avoided the consequence he was about to give her. I think Creon was being a hypocrite because he is just as stubborn as she is. The reason why Creon and Antigone come in to so much conflict is because their ways of thinking are almost exa ctly alike. "It is hard to deny the heart! But I will do it: I will not fight with destiny" (scene 5, 100), is a statement that shows Creon detecting his fault and how he needs to correct it. After talking to Teiresias, the blind prophet, he realizes in order for the higher powers to forgive him he needs to release Antigone. "Fate has brought all my pride to a thought of dust" (exodos, 138). Creon recognizes his flaw and its consequences but it is too late because fate has already occurred. Moreover, many people say that actions speak louder than words.

Forward Software Essay

Forward Software, Inc. is a software company potentially facing a copyright infringement lawsuit. The spreadsheet product Forward sells includes an optional menu navigation system identical to that of Focus Software, the original developer of the menu system. Forward’s spreadsheet product currently dominates the market. Focus Software is currently suing a smaller software company that has also used this identical menu system in their spreadsheet software. It is believed that based on the outcome of this pending lawsuit, Forward Software, Inc. may also be sued. Forward has to decide between offering Focus an unsolicited settlement prior to the pending trial’s conclusion or waiting for the outcome and possibly facing litigation. To do this, Forward needs to determine the optimal decision strategy to take and how much the strategy is expected to cost. The hiring of an outside law firm that may be able to provide a prediction of the company’s success in winning a trial must also be considered, as well as the maximum that should be paid for that service. Savings associated with hiring the firm need to be determined and analysis of the best decision strategy will also need to be done. Based on our analysis, the best strategy is to wait until the outcome of the pending lawsuit. If Focus wins that lawsuit and files a lawsuit against Forward, Forward should hire the law firm to conduct the proposed study for the lawsuit. Based on the law firm’s findings (predicted win, predicted loss, can’t predict) Forward will have to decide to go to trial or settle out of court. The results show that unless the firm can make the prediction that Focus would likely win the lawsuit, Focus should settle out of court. The expected costs of this strategy range between $9 – $12.8 million dollars. This includes expected costs associated with hiring the firm. The maximum amount that should be paid for hiring the firm is $1.14 million. If the firm could accurately predict the outcome of the Forward versus Focus case, Forward could expect to save $2.4 million. A decision tree was constructed to determine the best strategy for Forward. This approach was chosen as there were many decisions and states of nature to consider and chronology was important. The decision tree allowed for evaluation in a chronological pattern. In determining the optimal strategy, analysis was performed to determine if it is best to settle now or wait on the verdict of a pending trial, whether to hire or not hire a law firm if sued, and also to determine the value of information that could be provided. Our analysis is as follows -Settle Now or Wait? The optimal strategy indicates that it best is to wait until the outcome of the pending trial. Following the optimal strategy, there is a probability of .64 that Focus will not have to make any payout, this is based highly on waiting on the outcome of the trial as there is a .60 probability that Focus will lose and not initiate a lawsuit. As the bulk of the non-payout probability is based on the out come of the current Focus case, this event was included in a sensitivity analysis of the overall strategy. The analysis was performed to assess how sensitive the strategy is to changes: in the probability of Focus winning its pending lawsuit (0-1); the probability of Forward winning a suit if brought (0-1); the maximum expected settlement if sued (+/-50%); the maximum expected judgment (+/-50%); and the cost of the firm’s research prediction (+/-100%). The torpedo graph below shows that the optimal path is influenced most highly by the probability of 1) Focus winning the pending suit and 2) the probability of Forward winning if sued. Of particular importance is the increase in cost (expected value) based on changes in the probability of the outcome of the pending Focus vs. Discount Software trial. The increase in expected cost to over $6 million indicates that the decision to wait or offer settlement prior to the pending suit’s outcome changed. To determine the point at which the strategy changed base on the probability of the current suit’s outcome, a second sensitivity analysis was performed focusing on this event. The strategy region chart below indicates that the decision to wait or settle now changes if there is a chance great than 67% that Focus will win its pending suit. As there is currently only a 40% chance given to Focus winning its pending trial, the recommended strategy of waiting for the outcome should be followed. (Though Forward should confirm the probabilities assigned to this event.) Do or Don’t Hire a Firm? Should Sam hire this law firm to do a study for the lawsuit and what is the maximum amount of money Sam should pay for the service? Important considerations in determining whether to hire the firm include the value of the information the firm can provide and the cost for this information. To determine the value of the information provided by the firm, expected costs of making the decision with and without the firm’s (free) information must be compared. Without the law firm’s analysis, Forward’s expected cost is $12.1 million. With the firm’s analysis, Forward’s expected cost is reduced to $10.96 million. (This figure assumes the information is provided for free.) The difference in the expected cost with and without the information is $1.14 million. This is the value of the information the firm can provide and is also the maximum amount Forward should pay for the service. If the law firm could accurately predict the outcome of the Forward versus Focus case, how much money can he expect to save? If the firm was able to accurately predict a win or loss, this would be considered perfect information. The expected cost in this case is $9.7 million. The difference between this expected cost and the expected cost of proceeding without the firm’s perfect information ($12.1 million) is $2.4 million. This is the amount Forward could expect to save if the firm was able to accurately predict the outcome of the Forward versus Focus case.

Lowering the Drinking Age from 21 Would be Irresponsible...

Lowering the drinking age from 21 would be irresponsible. People argue that lowering the drinking age is not smart because most youths still have not yet reached a mature age to handle alcohol. Teens that include themselves in an unsafe environment are likely to endure in self-harm and encounter in binge drinking. The Alcohol Policy Information System says, â€Å"Annually, about 5,000 youth under the age of 21 die in incidents due to underage drinking† (â€Å"Drinking†). I believe the drinking age should not be lowered because of the major hazards that could occur, an increase in traffic accidents, and the age maturity to handle alcohol responsibly. Many risks and hazards can be caused from the use of alcohol. Binge drinking is extremely†¦show more content†¦al). Drinking is dangerous as it is, but underage drinking just upsurges the risk of wrecks, the health problems, and dependence on alcohol through adulthood (â€Å"Underage†). Age maturity is a big when dealing with alcohol. It’s obvious that teenagers under 21 are not yet mature, and are still trying to figure out their life. Even at the age of 18 they are entering a new phase with work, college, and a stage of independence. Nowadays parents allow their teens to consume alcohol as long as it is at their home, so they are sure they have a place to stay and can be in control. Some parents introduce alcohol to their teen in a responsible way to teach them and ensure they are safe when they become independent. In this case, teens think drinking is okay. Handling alcohol irresponsibly like this increases the teens killing themselves due to high alcohol content. Research states that if a child under 18 is drinking, they are also getting drunk. They report that 65 % of teens who drink monthly show that they are getting drunk at least once a month (â€Å"Underage†). Anything lowered from Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) 21 would be medically irresponsible. The early adult brain can be easily affected and when alcohol interferes it can cause addiction, memory loss, and violence (â€Å"Underage†). Teenagers are not responsible enough for MLDA to be lowered. There are many risks to what could happen if the drinking ageShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, the legal drinking age is twenty-one. In all fifty states, however, there are exceptions for underaged drinking at home, under adult supervision, or for medical purposes (â€Å"Drinking Age†). Overall, the legal opportunities for any person under twenty-one to legally drink alcohol are very scarce. There are many different points, made by people from both sides of the issue about whether or not to lower the drinking age to eighteen, or leave it where it currently stands at twenty-oneRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?995 Words   |  4 Pageslegal drinking age be lowered to age 18? Recently people have been debating whether If the drinking age should be lowered to 18. Some people think 18 is a better age but others think it’s outr ageous to lower the drinking age to 18. After much reading and observing, I myself think the drinking age should be kept at 21 years old,because young adults who drink while they re underage make poor decisions and majority of the young adults are in college lacking in classes. The legal drinking age shouldRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?875 Words   |  4 Pages Should the Drinking Age Be Lowered? Should the legal drinking age be lowered to age 18? Recently people have been debating whether If the drinking age should be lowered to 18. Some people think 18 is a better age but others think it’s outrageous to lower the drinking age to 18. After much reading and observing, I myself think the drinking age should be kept at 21 years old,because young adults who drink while they re underage make poor decisions and majority of the young adults are in collegeRead MoreChallenging The Legal Drinking Age1689 Words   |  7 PagesMackenzie Schultz Mrs. Hamilton AP English Language 25 July 2014 Challenging the Legal Drinking Age The Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) has been challenged since the passing of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 that raised the drinking age to twenty-one in all fifty states (Ogilvie). Advocates for lowering the MLDA to eighteen years of age argue that this change will eliminate the thrill of breaking the law for young adults entering college and boost the national economy. SupportersRead MoreMandatory Legal Drinking Age Should Be Banned982 Words   |  4 Pagesused to be set at 21. In the late 60s states began to lower their MLDA, although this resulted in many deaths alcohol related. President Reagan signed off a law saying that the MLDA (Minimum legal drinking age) must be at 21. This was proven to be safer and reduced number of alcohol related deaths. There are many debates that argue whether or not we should lower our MLDA in the US. The MLDA should stay at 21. There are many reasons supporting this such as, lowering the MLDA would increase our alcoholRead MoreLowering The Minimum Drinking Age1380 Words   |  6 Pagesreaches the age of 18, they are allowed to tattoo their bodies, smoke tobacco, gamble and even enlist if they wanted to! As an adult, they want to be treated as one but how can they feel like an adult if hanging around with their friends and drinking beer while watching TV is illegal? Of course, that does not stop them, though. The United States is one of the few countries in which still have such a high minimum drinking age. Although most people think young adults (18-year olds) are irresponsible, theRead MoreWhy The Drinking Age During The U.s. Should Be Lowered1300 Words   |  6 PagesInsert name Professor’s name Course/class Date Why the drinking age in the U.S. should be lowered to 18 Getting to 18 years of age is an important milestone for a US resident because it is the legal age for independence, allowing the individual to make his or her decisions regarding tobacco smoking, driving and even joining the armed forces while being treated as an adult by the justice system. While this statement is essentially accurate, it is untrue concerning the ability to purchase and drinkRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1542 Words   |  7 Pagesplaced on drinking alcohol and some are controversial. With the majority of the world having a drinking age of 18 years old many often wonder why does the United States have their own at 21 years of age. This has been a topic of much discussion and drama ever since the law was put in place by the US government. There are many people who agree with the law the US have placed on alcohol but there are even more people who have a problem with it. Not only do these people have a problem with the age but theyRead MoreThe Legal Drin king Age Should Be Lowered From The Age Of 21 Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"adults† cannot even make their own decisions? The drinking age on alcohol is a controversial social and cultural issue in today’s society; all fifty states have a minimum drinking age of 21. The legal drinking age should be lowered from the age of 21 to 18 allowing young adults to be granted the right to drink in restaurants, bars, at social events, in the comfort of their own home, and so on. If anything, lowering the legal drinking age would have a positive impact on the United Sates economy,Read Moreshould the drinking age be lowered to 18?948 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2009, about 10.4 million young people between ages 12 and 20 drank more than â€Å"just a few sips† of alcohol (Underage). The drinking age should be lowered to age 18 because teens are considered adults at this age, less people in jail for hosting underage drinking, and teens can be taught responsible drinking. A lthough there is a negative side to lowering the drinking age because it can cause more motor-vehicle accidents, greater chance for alcohol problems, and the health risk it can cause. There

8 Most Common IELTS Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Here is a list of eight most common IELTS pitfalls that cost test takers precious points. More is less. A very common mistake is to answer in more words than instructed. If the task says Not more than 3 words, answering in 4 or more words will definitely cost marks.Less is less. The length of a written task is crucial. When instructions mention a minimal number of words (250 for an essay, 150 for report or letter), it means that any work shorter than required will be penalized.A longer essay doesnt mean a better mark. Another common misconception is that longer essays score better in IELTS. Not only is this a myth, but also a dangerous one. Writing a long essay can indirectly cost marks because the chances of making mistakes increase with the number of words and sentences.Changing the subject is unacceptable. Every so often a student is asked to write on a topic, that he doesnt understand. To avoid the disaster of missing a whole task they decide to write on a slightly – or entirely - different topic. The sad fact is that no matter how beautiful the submitted work is, the wrong topic means a zero score. Another similar pitfall is to omit parts of the given topic or ignore the guidelines in your work. Every point the topic refers to needs to be covered because the examiners will be actually counting them.A good memory can get you in trouble. Having seen that the topics sometimes repeat, smart students with good memory decide to memorize essays. This is a terrible mistake to make because the examiners are trained to look for memorized essays and have firm instructions to disqualify such works on the spot.An accent is not important. Pronunciation is. IELTS, being a test for non-native English speakers cant penalize people for having an accent. The problem here is that not everyone knows the difference between speaking with an accent and mispronouncing the words. No matter how strong an accent a person has, the words are to be pronounced correctly or it will cost marks.It is not the ideas that are important, but the way they are described in. Man y students think that expressing the wrong ideas (whether it is an essay, letter or discussion) can harm their score. The truth is that no idea can be wrong and the ideas are not important on their own, it is the way they are expressed in that important.Connective words: the more is not always the better. Smart students know that one of the essays marking criteria is coherence and cohesion, and what better way is there to demonstrate cohesion than to use lots of connective words, right? Wrong. Overuse of connective words is a known problem, which is easily recognized and penalized by the examiners. A word of advice: to stay out of trouble, it is equally important to be aware of the pitfalls and to practice enough before the exam. Being familiar with the structure and the procedure of the test will build up confidence and that will reflect in your score. This article was kindly provided by Simone Braverman who runs an excellent IELTS blog full of useful information and tips on taking the IELTS exam.

The Censors, by Luisa Valenzuela - 856 Words

â€Å"The Censors† by Luisa Valenzuela The short story â€Å"The Censors† by Luisa Valenzuela is set in Argentina during the dictatorship of Jorge Videla who reigned from 1976 to 1983. Juan, the protagonist of the text, starts the story by writing a letter to his old friend, Mariana, at her new residence in Paris. He had received Mariana’s new address from a confidential source and was too excited to think of his actions before writing and sending the letter. Later, Juan’s â€Å"mind [was] off his job during the day and [he couldn’t] sleep at night,† thinking of the letter (Valenzuela 966). He believes the contents to be innocent and irreproachable, but the censors of the Argentine government â€Å"examine, sniff, feel, and read between the lines of each†¦show more content†¦He was shocked at the â€Å"subtle and conniving ways employed by people to pass on subversive messages† (Valenzuela 968) and censored much of the letter s he analyzed. Juan’s zeal was noticed by his superiors, and he was soon promoted to Section B, where he was to read and reread the letters as well as search them with magnifying glasses and electron microscopes for microdots. His work was so tiring; he barely managed to eat dinner before falling into bed at night. His mother worried for him, and, although it was not always the truth, told him that Lola and the girls were at the bar and missed him. Juan never indulged though, for he would be distracted, and he could not afford that. He was the most cunning at the Censorship Division and was about to congratulate himself for finding his true mission, when he received his letter to Mariana. Without regret, Juan censored it, and the next morning was executed: â€Å"one more victim of his devotion to his work† (Valenzuela 968). â€Å"The Censors† Uncensored Within Valenzuela’s â€Å"The Censors,† the satirical theme of this story mocks Juan, his thoughtless actions and his letter are symbols for innocence and secrecy. Juan’s actions symbolize the innocence of childhood and those who haven’t experienced hardship, of those who are impressionable and naà ¯ve. Juan’s actions when he receives Mariana’s address and immediately â€Å"without thinking twice, he [†¦ writes] her a letter† and sends it show his lack ofShow MoreRelatedBeing A Workaholic In The Censors By Luisa Valenzuela847 Words   |  4 Pages The story â€Å"The Censors† written by Luisa Valenzuela is about a man named Juan climbing up the ladder of his career as a censor to find the letter he sent. However, as the story progresses, Juan became devoted to his work and forgot his original purpose of becoming a censor. Valenzuela wrote, â€Å"Soon his work became so absorbing that his noble mission blurred in his min d.† (Valenzuela, 41). At the end, he saw his career as the priority over his life, and he was killed. From this story, I was inspiredRead MoreThree Hundred Eighty Seven1122 Words   |  5 Pagesof 387 years. To name a few, the United States became a country, trains were invented, cars were invented, airplanes were invented, and the world experienced two world wars. Also during this period two people were born; Miguel de Cervantes and Luisa Valenzuela. Born in 1547, Cervantes would grow up to write one of the most renowned books of his time, Don Quixote. Don Quixote was first published in 1605 during the Renaissance. It is the story of Don Quixote de La Mancha, who is an average middle classRead MoreEssay A Decision Made757 Words   |  4 PagesComstock, a pubic obscenity censor. Although she knew her possible consequences would be ridicule and possible prison time, she would openly dispense pessaries, and would distribute her book, What Every Girl Should Know which was abou t venereal diseases. Because of her decision, she was able to accept the consequences, without letting anyone slow her down on her cause. Within An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge by Ambrose Bierce, The Censors by Luisa Valenzuela, and Paper by Catherine LimRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Like The Sun `` By R. K. Narayan1181 Words   |  5 Pagesexample of one of â€Å"life’s little ironies.† Authors often use irony to satirize the shortcomings in human nature. For our purposes, we’ll be looking at â€Å"Like the Sun† by R. K. Narayan, who uses irony to advocate truth in moderation; â€Å"The Censors† by Luisa Valenzuela, who teaches how power corrupts through irony; and â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift, who uses irony to deride Ireland’s lack of drive to solve economic problems. â€Å"Like the Sun† by R.K. Narayan uses situational irony to demonstrateRead MoreSetting, Circumstances, And Background Of The Censors1605 Words   |  7 Pageschose to write about the setting, circumstances, and background of the Censors. This story is written by Luisa Valenzuela. In this story, she depicts a young man writing to his love. Knowing that the mail would be checked several times, and very thoroughly before it was sent, if it was to be sent at all, he wrote his words very cautiously. The man wanted his letter to be sent very badly, so he signed up to become one of the censors. He moved up ranks until he finally saw his letter. Newly loyal to hisRead MoreTiempo de Silencio Essay1754 Words   |  8 Pagesdifficulty that the author encountered in his attempt to publish the book is the first reflection of the censorship of the era; although the novel was finished in 1960 it was not published until 1962, in the form of an edition with 20 pages removed by the censor . The full uncensored edition was not released in Spain until 1981, by which time Franco’s regime was almost unrecognisable from the heavily oppressive nature that it had at its beginning, and was in comparison extremely liberal. In the post civilRead MoreYolo1583 Words   |  7 Pagesan analytical and critical thinking skills Argentina : The Book of Sand Jorge Luis Borges Semantic Mapping Discussion Making Predictions 1,2,3,9 Discuss the metamorphosis of the main character in the story and its impact to him. The Censors - Luisa Valenzuela Relate story to Philippine situation during the Martial Law era in the country. Prompt Seatwork 5 3,5,8 Predict the decision made by the main character in the story. Discuss the ways in which symbols and figurative language ( imagery)are

History Of Multifocal Bone Infarctions Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Osteonecrosis is a common complication of corticosteroid therapy. In this survey, we report the instance of a patient with injury of both articulatio genuss 1 twelvemonth back who has been diagnosed with knee osteonecrosis affecting bilateral proximal tibial and distal thighbone likely due to microvascular hurt to proximal shinbone and distal thighbone. A 22-year-old male patient presented with a history of writhing hurt of both articulatio genuss. We will write a custom essay sample on History Of Multifocal Bone Infarctions Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now He had non taken any drug, In malice of some anodynes, that leads to osteonecrosis. One twelvemonth subsequently, he developed bilateral anterior articulatio genus hurting of insidious oncoming. Magnetic resonance imagination performed on admittance showed osteonecrosis of the bilateral proximal tibial and distal thighbone, about every bit pronounced in the shinbone and thighbone. Osteonecrosis is a reasonably common complication in patients with the history of corticoid usage for the intervention of assortment of systemic and arthritic upsets. The status can attest itself anyplace in the skeletal system, most normally in the femoral caput. Distal thighbone and proximal shinbone with bilateral engagement is rather rare in the literature. Injury of both articulatio genuss and within one twelvemonth gross osteonecrosis of bilateral articulatio genus articulation is rarest presentation. BONE INFARCTION: known by other names i.e. Avascular mortification, osteonecrosis, sterile mortification, ischaemic bone mortification and AVN ) is a disease due to break of blood supply of tissues, because of vascular via media, cellular decease of bone occur that leads to prostration. It is largely occur in the country where blood supply is unstable and by terminal arterias. It is largely occur at hip articulation but late there is increased opportunity of infarction in weight bearing country of articulatio genus articulation besides and leads to gross devastation of articular surfaces and whole articulations and ligaments. There are many theories about what causes avascular mortification. Hazard factors are chemotherapy in malignant neoplastic disease patient, long term usage of intoxicant and steroid, station injury, decompression illness, vascular via media due to arterial intercalation and thrombosis due to intimal harm, Radiation, prolonged usage of bisphosphonate in osteoporo sis, blood upsets, such as reaping hook cell disease, Glycogen storage upset i.e. Gaucher disease. Commonest is idiopathic. Systemic lupus erythematous, Rheumatoid arthritis, Prolonged, repeated exposure to high force per unit areas etc. So bone infarction can happen by two ways one is primary due to direct hurt of blood supply by child or terrible injury known as self-generated osteonecrosis of the articulatio genus ( SPONK ) , is ill understood but seems to be the consequence of some type of injury to the articulatio genus. It normally affects merely one articulatio genus and most frequently a individual country within the articulatio genus. The country of bone in the articulatio genus loses its normal blood supply and may finally weaken and prostration. This typically leads to trouble and functional restrictions. The hurting is frequently sudden oncoming and increases with weight bearing, step mounting, and at dark. SPONK is most frequently seen in aged adult females with osteopo rosis and secondrily due to drawn-out exposure of hazard factors, affect multiple countries of the articulatio genus, and 80 % of people have both articulatio genuss affected. Case History A 22-year-old adult male with no important medical history presented after the one twelvemonth of in important history of injury complained of left articulatio genus hurting, which he noted after making difficult work and remainder and sometime without associated injury. Pain became worse at dark.He is holding a good scope of articulatio genus gesture bilaterally but terminally terrible painful. Initially he is able to his day-to-day modus operandis but after few old ages subsequently he is non able to make his modus operandi and progressive fatigues additions, musculus neglect wasting, and failing around the joint. He is besides holding history of ictuss for which he is taking intervention but the cause is non cleared because CT encephalon is normal. Everyday research lab scrutiny showed neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, with a hemoglobin degree of 11.3 g/dL, entire WBC count 14100, N 85 % , L 44 % , M 12 % , RBC 3.84, HCT 35 % , MCV 91 % , MCH 29.5pg, MCHC32.3g/dl, RDW14.8 % , ph4.58, MPV 7.7, PCT 0.35 % , PDW 16, and a elevated ESR 101.Periphral vilification shows no sickling. An MRI of the left articulatio genus showed increased ruddy bone marrow within the distal thighbone and proximal tibia/fibula, ab initio thought to be compatible with anaemia from an unexplained inflammatory procedure. Further urologic and gastro enterologic workup was negative. There is no history of steroid or other drug consumptions along with no any drawn-out exposure of hazard factors. Clinical Photograph: Degree centigrades: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.26.49.jpg Fig ( 1 ) Bilateral articulatio genus with normal skin coloring material with same degree of kneecap with mild gush in left side XRAY OF LEFT KNEE Degree centigrades: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 13.59.11.jpgfig ( 2 ) : radiogram of bilateral articulatio genuss joint with decresed joint infinite with distal femur median compartment articular devolution with little addition denseness of median femoral articular border. MRI OF R T KNEE JOINT Degree centigrades: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.08.28.jpgC: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.11.41.jpgC: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.09.42.jpg Fig ( 3 ) : There is grounds of extended chronic medullary bone infarct in metaphyseal part of thighbone and shinbone with features dual line mark with deficiency of internal hydrops and widening upto the subchondral home base with prostration of the articular border of thighbone. There is marrow hydrops in subarticular part of shinbone and thighbone. Rate 2 myxoid degenerative alterations are seen in the anterior horn of sidelong semilunar cartilage and posterior horn of median semilunar cartilage, break of normal additive uninterrupted low signal strength of anterior cruciate ligament with partial break of fiber at tibial and femoral fond regard. MRI OF LEFT KNEE Degree centigrades: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.11.41.jpg C: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.12.39.jpgC: UsersuserPictures2013-02-15 14.12.06.jpg Fig ( 4 ) : There is grounds of extended chronic medullary bone infarct in metaphyseal part of thighbone and shinbone with features dual line mark with deficiency of internal hydrops and widening upto the subchondral home base with prostration of the articular border of thighbone. There is marrow hydrops in subarticular part of shinbone and thighbone. Tear of anterior horn of median semilunar cartilage. Modrate joint gush predominately in supra patellar pouch. MRI of BRAIN: Brain parenchyma shows normal MR morphology and grey white distinction, there is no focal parenchymal lesion. Basal gangia and thalmi are normal in volume and signal strength. Mid encephalon, Ponss, and myelin are cardinal and appear normal in signal strength. The cerebellar hemisphere are normal. Ventricular system are normal. WHOLE BODY BONE SCANC: UsersuserPictures2013-02-20 10.23.45.jpg Degree centigrades: UsersuserPictures2013-02-20 10.23.29.jpg Fig ( 5 ) : Skeltal scintigraphy done with20mci of 99m Tc-MDP endovenous and graph taken in three stages post injection revels. ( 1 ) : Flow stage ( immediate station injection ) : there is addition flow in part of bilateral articulatio genuss articulation ( 2 ) : Blood pool stage ( 5 min station injection ) : there is pooling in the part of bilateral articulatio genuss articulation ( 3 ) : Delayed stage ( 3 hour station injection ) : there is increase tracer uptake in the part of bilateral articulatio genus articulation, distal shaft of bilateral thighbone, proximal shaft of bilateral shinbone Suggestive of: -non specific arthritis bilateral articulatio genuss joint with infarct in distal shaft of bilateral thighbones and proximal shaft of bilateral shinbone. Prevention At the present, there is no known bar but we can decrese the opportunity of AVN by extinguishing the hazard factors. Avoid Immuno-suppressants and other drugs such as Steroids, Glucocorticoid, Indocin, and Butazolidin and drugs that prevent the loss of bone mass such as Bisphosphonate ( diphosphonates ) .Foods that are good and nourish castanetss contain Calcium, Magnesium, Vitamin C and Vitamin D. Treatment The end in this instance is to better the map and to look into farther harm to the bone so that bone and joint survived. Without intervention, most people with the disease will see terrible hurting and restriction in motion. To find the most appropriate intervention, the physician considers the followers: the age of the patient, the phase of the disease ( early or late ) , the location and whether bone is affected over a little or big country, the underlying cause of osteonecrosis. The articulatio genus is the 2nd most common location for osteonecrosis after hip. The disease can be classified into 4 phases — phase I: patterned advance from no radiographical findings ; phase II: a little flattening of a the median condyle ; phase Three: visual aspect of a radiolucent lesion: and present IV: articular gristle prostration. There are two typical entities: ( I ) self-generated osteonecrosis of the articulatio genus ( SPONK ) , and ( two ) secondary osteonecrosis of the articulatio genus. They are differentiated by age of presentation, associated hazard factors ( e.g. usage of corticoid and alcohol addiction ) , location, lateralization, and condylar engagement. First stop hazard factors i.e. corticoid or intoxicant usage, intervention may non work unless usage of the substance is stopped. Early infarcts ( before X ray alterations are apparent ) can be treated with a surgical process called nucleus decompression and bone grafting or autologous bone marrow organ transplant to better circulation of affected country, but one time the condyle has lost its contour, nucleus decompression will non assist in hurting alleviation and farther prostration of the weight-bearing zone. The of import end to accomplish at this phase is the immobilisation of the affected country. Early Reconstruction, with debridement of the necrotic zone and replacing of the dead bone with autologous bone reinforced to back up the subchondral bone at hazard of prostration. Later phases of avas cular mortification ( when X ray alterations have occurred ) necessarily advancement to a earnestly damaged bone and/or articulation that require arthroplasty or joint replacing surgery. DISCUSION Osteonecrosis has been reported during or after the class of steroid intervention in several conditions such as reaping hook cell disease, systemic lupus erythematus, ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn’sdisease. Corticosteroids are believed to heighten the microvascular ischaemia by diminishing bone blood flow along with increased bone marrow force per unit area due to intra medullary lipocytes hypertrophy. The status can attest itself anyplace in the skeletal system, most normally in the femoral caput, but similar alterations have been reported in the distal articulatio genus, proximal shinbone, humerus, cubitus and the pes. No clear cut regulations exit sing the dosage and continuance of corticoid intervention followed by manifestation of osteonecrosis. Reported instances have documented it every bit early as 6 months to every bit tardily as three old ages. On carnal theoretical account it is reported to be found one hebdomad after the initial steroid disposal. Osteonecrosis begins perniciously and frequently the diagnosing is easy missed and delayed due to often normal field radiogram in early portion of the disease even in the presence of pathological alterations. MRI has been reported to be more sensitive and specific to observe osteonecrosis in an early stage. In diagnostic patients with negative field radiogram or MRI findings, the radionuclide bone scan is recommended. It is extremely sensitive for showing the countries of enhanced focal consumption before the alterations are evident on other imaging modes. Conservative intervention options including anodynes, braces, reduced weight bearing, bed remainder, deep heat modes and ROM exercisings are offered, but nil has been proved to be of much significance besides offering a impermanent diagnostic alleviation. None of the intervention options are believed to change the class of the disease. If diagnosed at an early phase, prostration of the subchondral bone and patterned advance of the disease may be averted in some patients by diminishing the joint emphasis and by developing mobility. Different surgical attacks including nucleus decompression, curettement, and bone graft have been tried with contradictory out comes, nevertheless, the ultimate intervention is frequently a joint replacing in badly involved articulations. Decision It is a common complication in patients with a history of anterior articulatio genus hurting of long continuance with history of injury or associated with other hazard factors of osteonecrosis genrally short-run or long-run corticoid. These instances are really hard to name initial phases with simple conventional imaging techniques. A careful scrutiny with high index of intuition is indispensable while covering with patients with anterior articulatio genus hurting. MRI and radionuclide bone scan are helpful in observing a field radiogram negative lesion. After clinical and radiological rating and verification of such lesion that affect the 2nd most common site after hip i.e. articulatio genus should be managed after proper theatrical production, taking to accomplish hurting free articulatio genus motion with non further deterioting the articulatio genus map and to better the morbidity of patient life. How to cite History Of Multifocal Bone Infarctions Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Asteroids Essay Research Paper Inour solar system free essay sample

Asteroids Essay, Research Paper In our solar system today there are over 30 000 asteroids winging about in all waies clashing with other asteroids and planets non caring about the devastation they might convey. Our planet Earth is caught right in the center of all of this action and is apt to full extinction of any life signifiers on the planet if a big adequate asteroid crosses its way. Any one individual asteroid has the possibility to wipe out 1000s of old ages of history and wipeout the human race as we know it. Asteroids are big or little balls of stone and metal winging about infinite up to velocities of 80 000 kilometers per hour. These balls were believed to hold formed 1000000s of old ages ago during the large knock . These stones didn? t signifier any planets and were stuck drifting about infinite on their ain or in the gravity of the star-shaped belt. We will write a custom essay sample on Asteroids Essay Research Paper Inour solar system or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This belt is about 300 million stat mis from the Sun and it contains 1000s of asteroids some being stat mis in diameter. Another theory of the formation of asteroids is that a planet between Red planets and Jupiter one time existed and after many old ages it exploded into 1000s of pieces that are still go arounding around the Sun in the signifier of an star-shaped belt. Other asteroids are formed when big meteors collide with big asteroids making more little 1s. These meteors can besides clash with planets interrupting off balls of the crust into infinite. Ceres is believed to be the biggest asteroid that was in infinite at one point in clip. Ceres was believed to be 600 stat mis broad doing up 1/3 of the entire mass of all asteroids. Ceres was the first asteroid discovered and was found in 1801. There are two chief types of asteroids ; the foremost dominates the outer portion of the belt and are found to be rich in C, the 2nd group are located in the interior of the belt and are found to be rich in minerals. The mean temperature of the surface of an asteroid is about -73 grades C. Many people wear? T know that every twelvemonth over 50 000 little asteroids called meteors hit the Earth every twelvemonth. These meteors are the outside bed of larger asteroids that have been chipped off or are the surface of other planets that have detached from their places when hit with larger asteroids. Asteroids sometimes align with Earth when meteors winging through infinite collide with other asteroids in the belt doing pieces to interrupt away and caput in all waies. Sometimes these pieces merely go on to acquire aligned with Earth. However, scientists are seeking to detect a manner in which they can explode a atomic bomb near to the asteroid doing it to alter rotary motion and hence alteration its class. This is really unsafe because if the asteroid explodes it will do even more of a muss when 100s of pieces are so on class with the Earth. Asteroids are found all over infinite but are most abundant in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. This belt holds about 2000 asteroids all of different forms and sizes. This belt has its ain gravitative pull and all of the asteroids in it go around around the Sun. It is believed that this belt was formed when planet Ten exploded. Although the bulk of asteroids are found in this belt and are by and large stuck in its gravitational pull, they are sometimes jarred from their places from the impact of other asteroids that are invariably drifting through infinite. Although asteroids could destroy Earth if they come in contact with it, little meteors that hit Earth are found to be great finds. These little infinite stones that have been chipped off of other planets such as Saturn or Mars are a great manner of analyzing other planets surfaces without holding to go 1000000s of stat mis for samples. They semen to us. If it wasn? T for asteroids hitting the Earth, we might non be here today. Millions of old ages ago when the Earth was organizing it was a elephantine ball made of liquid molten. Over a long period of clip asteroids hit the Earth at enormous speeds doing them to fall in the molten and make a crust for life. After many old ages of this, the Earth was formed from 100s of asteroids combined into one big planet. Asteroids are found to be one of the most fascinating and unsafe things in infinite. This is because it is hard to topographic point every asteroid near to our planet and at any clip an asteroid may be spotted really near to Earth with excessively short a notice to halt it. Asteroid tracking should be really of import to the universe and more clip and money should be put into it. These objects could intend the terminal of world all together. Today we discovery over 150 craters on our planet some being a few kilometres in diameter. If asteroids this large hit our planet today many life things would be destroyed within 1000s of stat mis of the impact point. This shows us grounds that many asteroids have collided with this planet in the yesteryear that could hold ended civilisation. Today there is known to be about 163 asteroids that are winging through our solar system that are found risky to Earth. In 1997 a stat mi broad asteroid passed within the distance of the Earth and the Moon when it came 40 000 kilometer from hitting us. This seems to be a batch of room to save but it isn? T when you take into history the huge sum of infinite in our solar system. Scientists believe that an asteroid is traveling to be the closest to Earth on October 26, 2028. Because of the danger asteroids pose NASA funded a plan called infinite ticker to seek and track asteroids near to Earth. All together NASA spends about $ 3.5 million US tracking asteroids. This gets really hard because it takes 10 to 30 old ages of notice to track an asteroid on its manner towards Earth. Asteroids are classified as risky if they? rhenium bigger than 1 kilometers broad and found within 8 million kilometres of Earth. It is really likely that a big asteroid will hit the Earth in the hereafter because of the planet? s past experience with star-shaped hits. Scientists estimate that an asteroid more than 800 m in diameter hits the Earth every million old ages and a smaller one hits every century. An asteroid bigger than 1 kilometers would intend the terminal of about 30 % of the World? s population. This size of an asteroid would be the equivalent detonation to 2 million Hiroshima bombs. This detonation would wipeout population by the devastation of all life animals within a 100 stat mi radius as good as barricading off the Sun with dust and stone atoms for hebdomads or even months. Asteroids are likely the deadliest force that our solar system can bring forth, one work stoppage could set adult male back in the dark ages and would kill about the full population of our planet. It is for this ground that scientists should concentrate more on understanding asteroids and research more into the defence of our planet. At the minute we merely know where a fraction of the asteroids out at that place are. The asteroid that could destruct our planet could merely be a twelvemonth off and we Don? t even cognize it exists.